Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder--etiology, diagnosis, and management.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a developmentally disabling disorder of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that affects 3%-20% of school-aged children. It affects the child at home, at school, and with peers, and persists into adolescence and young adulthood. The author reviews the diagnostic criteria, etiological considerations, evaluation process, and management of this handicapping disorder. Included is a discussion of the most frequently used medications and suggestions for home and classroom management strategies that assist the child to behave and achieve success in school. It is pertinent to all nurses, since children with ADHD are in all settings and nurses are often asked questions about this controversial health care issue in both professional and personal arenas.