Epidemiologic perspectives on Enterobacter for the infection control professional.

Enterobacter species have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens. Common reservoirs for these organisms include wounds and the gastrointestinal, urinary, and respiratory tracts. Enterobacter bacteremia typically occurs in patients with long-standing underlying illnesses who received antimicrobial agents before their bacteremia. The wide use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has contributed to the increased prominence of Enterobacter infections. Enterobacter species have a propensity to emerge resistant to the antibiotic therapy administered. Plasmid analysis, restriction endonuclease analysis of total cellular DNA, pulsed-field electrophoresis, and ribotyping can be valuable in investigating the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains.