Acanthocephala of marine fishes off Fiji Islands, with descriptions of Filisoma longcementglandatus n. sp., Neorhadinorhynchus macrospinosus n. sp. (Cavisomidae), and gravid females of Rhadinorhynchus johnstoni (Rhadinorhynchidae); and keys to species of the genera Filisoma and Neorhadinorhynchus.

A parasitological collection from marine fishes off the Fiji Islands yielded 5 species of acanthocephalans from 4 species of fish as follows: Filisoma longcementglandatus n. sp. from scat Scatophagus argus; Neorhadinorhynchus macrospinosus n. sp. from vermiculated rabbit fish Siganus vermicularis; Neorhadinorhynchus nudum (Harada, 1938) Yamaguti, 1939 (Cavisomidae) from mackerel tuna Euthynnus affinis; Rhadinorhynchus johnstoni Golvan, 1969 (Rhadinorhynchidae) from E. affinis; and Neoechinorhynchus agilis (Rudolphi, 1819) Van Cleave, 1916 (Neoechinorhynchidae) from striped mullet Mugil cephalus. All are new locality records and, except for N. agilis, new host records. Filisoma longcementglandatus is distinguished from all other species of the genus by its very long cement glands and size and armature of its proboscis. Neorhadinorhynchus macrospinosus has distinctly larger proboscis hooks than all other members of the genus. Keys to species of the genera Filisoma and Neorhadinorhynchus are included. Gravid females of the inadequately described R. johnstoni are described for the first time. Taxonomic notes on the other acanthocephalan species are also included.