Transpogenes: the transposition-like integration of short sequence DNA into the yeast 2 micron plasmid creates the STB locus and plasmid-size polymorphism.

The type-2 2 mu plasmid of industrial yeast strains exhibits extensive size polymorphism in the STB (plasmid stability) locus and IR (inverted repeat)-right region. Comparative DNA sequence analyses of STB alleles identified a 38-bp sequence flanked by a 25-bp direct repeat as the underlying structural motif. Variable unequal recombination within the direct repeat accounted for the observed polymorphism of STB alleles. IR-right polymorphism was observed to result from tandem duplication of a 22-bp sequence flanked by a 9-bp direct repeat. The flanking direct repeats marked both loci as originating from the transposition-like integration of short DNA fragments. We call these structures transpogenes and note that these are hybrid structures of host and foreign DNA which can evolve into functional loci.