Scinderin and chromaffin cell actin network dynamics during neurotransmitter release.

It has been demonstrated that filamentous actin (F-A) is mainly localized in the cortical surface of the chromaffin cell. This F-A network acts as a barrier to the chromaffin granules impeding their contact with the plasma membrane. Stimulation of chromaffin cells with either nicotine or a depolarizing concentration of K+ induces the disassembly of cortical F-A in focal areas underneath the plasma membrane. Sites of exocytosis are localised to these areas with low concentration of F-A. The cortical surface of the chromaffin cell also contains scinderin, a Ca(2+)-dependent actin filament-severing protein recently isolated in our laboratory. Nicotine and high K+ stimulation also induce redistribution of cortical scinderin. Both nicotine and high K(+)-induced scinderin redistribution and F-A disassembly are Ca(2+)-dependent events which seem to precede neurotransmitter secretion. A possible target for protein kinase C in the modulation of secretion is the cortical F-A network. Treatment of chromaffin cells with phorbol esters prior to secretion induced scinderin redistribution, F-A disassembly and enhanced the initial rate of subsequent nicotine-evoked catecholamine release. The present results strongly indicate the involvement of the cortical cytoskeleton in the regulation of neurotransmitter release.