Beta-adrenergic antagonists attenuate somatic and aversive signs of opiate withdrawal.

The current studies were designed to evaluate the effectiveness of beta-adrenergic antagonists on opiate withdrawal symptoms utilizing a variety of paradigms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were made moderately dependent on morphine with daily incremental injections. Both the nonselective beta-antagonist propranolol and the selective beta 1-antagonist atenolol, in the dose range of 5 to 20 mg/kg, were found to significantly reduce many of the somatic responses to either naloxone-precipitated or abstinence-induced withdrawal from morphine. In addition, propranolol (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced a withdrawal-induced conditioned place aversion, while atenolol was effective only at the highest dose tested (20 mg/kg). These data indicate that beta-adrenergic antagonists might be effective in the treatment of opiate addictions.