Drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from recent Haitian migrants: correlation with clinical response.

Between November 1991 and June 1993, approximately 11,000 Haitian migrants were screened for active tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection at the U.S. Naval Base in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. Cultures of specimens from 37 of these patients yielded Mycobacterium tuberculosis; eight (22%) of these isolates were resistant to standard medications, including isoniazid (22%), rifampin (0), ethambutol (3%), and streptomycin (3%). Two isolates (5.4%) were resistant to two drugs simultaneously. All but one of 340 patients who were treated for presumptive active tuberculosis and who were followed up for about 1 month had a favorable initial clinical response to a standard four-drug regimen. Among 259 HIV-1-infected patients who had normal findings on screening chest radiographs and who received prophylaxis with isoniazid, there were 1.8 incident cases of active tuberculosis per 100 person-years; this rate was 76% lower than that (reported by others) among HIV-1-infected Haitian patients who were not treated with isoniazid. No serious toxic effects due to standard four-drug regimens or to prophylaxis with isoniazid were observed. These data suggest that standard empirical therapeutic interventions for tuberculosis are adequate and well tolerated in Haitian migrants.