Characterization of the HLA-A polymorphism by locus-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification and oligonucleotide hybridization.

This report describes a PCR-based typing protocol for the HLA-A polymorphism. Locus-specific primers selectively amplified HLA-A sequences from exon 1 to exon 3 in a single PCR that avoided co-amplification of other classical and nonclassical class I genes. The allelic variation in exons 2 and 3 of the HLA-A gene was examined with a set of 44 oligonucleotide probes. According to the recognized HLA-A sequences the protocol is potentially able to distinguish all known HLA-A alleles with unique nucleotide sequences in this gene region. The related HLA-A genotypes can also be identified in both homozygous and heterozygous individuals. Thus the protocol provides the highest resolution for HLA-A typing. The PCR-SSO typing technique is accurate, reliable, and particularly suitable for a large number of samples. The DNA typing results from 42 Tenth IHWS B-cell lines are compatible with the serologic and IEF definitions. Sixty-six unrelated donors from a northern Chinese population were also tested, with 16 HLA-A alleles detected. Four subtypes of HLA-A2 were found in this population. The distribution of HLA-A subtypes in the population indicated that 40% of donor-recipient pairs thought to be matched for HLA-A by serology would be mismatched. Two novel HLA-A alleles were identified by unusual oligonucleotide hybridization patterns.