Access to the superior mediastinum.

Surgical access for diseases that involve the superior mediastinum can be achieved without thoracotomy by utilizing the suprasternal approach with extension of the head and neck and transection of the interclavicular ligament, median sternotomy, resection of the medial third to one half of the clavicle, or resection of the manubrium sterni. There has been minimal morbidity and no operative or postoperative mortality in a review of 53 consecutive patients. There has been no significant disability. Combined with exposure at the base of the neck, the access to the superior mediastinum is good to excellent.