Development and expression of sensitization to cocaine's reinforcing properties: role of NMDA receptors.

Acquisition of cocaine self-administration (0.125, 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg/infusion) was assessed in rats that had received prior exposure to either saline or amphetamine (2.0 mg/kg). Acquisition of self-administration was dose-dependent, with the highest dose leading to the shortest latency to reliably discriminate between depression of a lever that resulted in drug delivery and an inactive lever. Latency to acquisition of the lever discrimination for rats that had received prior exposure to amphetamine was shorter than for the saline-pretreated counterparts in each cocaine dosage group. This suggests that repeated exposure to this drug prior to self-administration testing sensitized the rats to the reinforcing effects of cocaine. Co-administration of MK-801 (0.25 mg/kg, IP), a non-competitive NMDA antagonist, blocked the ability of chronic exposure to amphetamine to sensitize rats to cocaine. In experienced self-administering rats, acute pretreatment with MK-801 resulted in a loss of discriminative responding. The number of inactive lever responses was consistently higher than the number of active lever responses across all cocaine dosage groups. These data suggest that the NMDA receptor, possibly through interactions with dopamine systems, is critical for both the development and expression of sensitization to cocaine's reinforcing effects produced by intermittent preexposures to amphetamine.