Discriminative stimulus effects of melatonin in the rat.

To provide initial information on the potential mechanisms underlying the discriminative stimulus effects of melatonin, rats were trained to discriminate melatonin (150 mg/kg, IP) from saline in a two-choice discrete-trial avoidance paradigm. Stimulus generalization curves for melatonin were steep; complete generalization with melatonin occurred at 100-150 mg/kg. Triazolam generalized completely with melatonin (n = 7). Flurazepam generalized completely with melatonin in only two out of six rats; however, partial generalization was produced in the remaining four animals. The melatonin-appropriate responding produced by triazolam was antagonized completely (in six out of seven rats) by 0.3-10 mg/kg flumazenil (Ro 15-1788). In contrast, the dose of flumazenil sufficient to block completely the melatonin-like discriminative effects of triazolam failed to block the stimulus effects of the training dose of melatonin. Pentobarbital produced primarily melatonin-appropriate responding, with complete generalization with melatonin in five out of seven rats. Diphenhydramine generalized completely with melatonin in two out of seven rats; however, little or no partial generalization was observed in the remaining five rats. These results suggest that melatonin may produce its discriminative effects through sites on the GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor complex distinct from the benzodiazepine binding sites.