Diagnostic laparoscopy for suspected appendicitis.

One hundred consecutive patients who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy for suspected appendicitis were evaluated to assess the appropriate clinical setting for laparoscopic appendectomy. The usefulness of diagnostic laparoscopy in the setting of acute abdominal pain has been well documented. However, there is debate about the use of laparoscopy for definitive therapy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the decision making process during diagnostic laparoscopy for suspected appendicitis. When pathology is identified other than in the appendix, the majority of patients can be treated without converting to an open procedure. In patients found to have no obvious pathology, incidental appendectomy can be performed laparoscopically. When appendicitis was identified, the majority of patients could be treated safely without converting to an open technique. However, there were certain clinical situations that necessitated conversion to an open operation. Involvement of the cecum or perforation at the base of the appendix puts the appendiceal stump at risk for leak and abscess formation. Evaluation of the cecum by palpation for a mass should also be performed in this situation. Another situation in which conversion to an open technique is warranted is an appendiceal abscess with adherent small bowel. The friability of bowel wall greatly increases the risk for bowel injury in this setting. Laparoscopy is a useful technique for the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal pain even if the appendix is normal on inspection. Conversion to an open operation should be employed when inflammation or perforation occurs at the base of the appendix and when bowel is found to be adherent to an appendiceal abscess.