Operative vaginal delivery. ACOG Technical Bulletin Number 196-- August 1994 (replaces No. 152, February 1991).

The scope of operative vaginal delivery as described in this bulletin includes the use of forceps and vacuum extraction as well as the management of shoulder dystocia and internal podalic version. While knowledge of the material presented is necessary to perform operative vaginal deliveries, it alone is not sufficient to achieve optimal maternal and perinatal outcome. Technical skill should be taught during residency training and maintained through use in clinical practice.