Endocrine and psychological evaluation of women with recent weight gain.

A group of 13 consecutive regularly menstruating women who gained at least 5 kg the previous year (Group I) was compared to a control group of similar age, parity, and social class (Group II). The two groups were similar in estimated and observed food intakes; pre- and postprandial gastrin levels; hourly 24-h profiles of cortisol and insulin; urinary cortisol and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. Group I had higher serum prolactin concentrations at all times than Group II (mean values 14.60 micrograms/l vs. 8.84 micrograms/l; p = .0121). Galactorrhea was observed in 5 women from Group I and in none of the women from Group II (p < .05). Group I also differed from Group II in a higher incidence of meaningful life-events the year preceding the study, higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction (9/13 vs. 4/13; p < .01) and higher indexes (p < .05) of several parameters in the MMPI and SCL 90. Median serum cortisol and prolactin concentrations were negatively correlated, both in Group I (R = -.669; p = .012) and in the whole sample (R = -.453; p = .0298). It is suggested that the rapid weight gain is part of a neuroendocrine response to environmental stimuli also characterized by hyperprolactinemia. The significant negative correlation between serum prolactin and cortisol indicates that this response differs from, and is possibly an alternative to, the sympathoadrenal "stress" response.