Experimental models of epilepsy in young animals.

Seizures occur more frequently early in life. Some of these early seizures may eventually become epilepsy. Others are reactive seizures due to excessive environmental stimuli that, in any other age group, might not have elicited a similar response. To understand the developmental aspects of seizures and epilepsy in humans, it is important to study these processes in animals of equivalent ages. In this paper, we describe several animal models of developmental seizures, including their electroclinical manifestations and their validity in respect to human epileptic syndromes. There are several factors that may account for the increased seizure susceptibility of the immature brain, including the delayed development of effective systems or synaptic networks that are involved in the suppression of seizures. A better insight of the basic pathophysiology of seizures as a function of age in animal models will lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of age-specific epileptic disorders in humans.