Developmental principles of antiepileptic drug therapy.

Antiepileptic drug therapy in children can be challenging because seizure semiology and drug disposition change dramatically over time. Close monitoring of drug clearance is required in early life because of the rapid ontogenesis of drug-eliminating organs. Large variations in serum peak and trough antiepileptic drug concentrations increase the risk for both adverse drug effects and unsatisfactory seizure control. Antiepileptic drug adverse effects also differ, probably relative to different receptor sensitivities in children. Failure to appreciate the developmental differences between children and adults can result in medication noncompliance, breakthrough seizures, and unacceptable adverse effects.