Proliferation of gubernaculum cells induced by a substance of low molecular mass obtained from fetal pig testes.

To investigate the hormonal control of gubernacular development and testicular descent we determined the effect of gonadal extracts and various hormones on the proliferation of gubernaculum cell cultures established from 55 male pig fetuses obtained at 60 to 90 days' gestation. The percentage of descended testes was 0 at 60, 8% at 70, 40% at 80 and 87% at 90 days' gestation. Significant proliferation (as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation) of gubernaculum, but not 3T3, cells was induced by crude testicular but not ovarian extracts, and was directly related to its protein concentration. Significant proliferation of gubernaculum cells was induced by low molecular mass (< 30 kD) testicular, but not by high molecular mass (> 30 kD), testicular and low or high molecular mass ovarian extracts obtained by centrifugation of crude extracts in microspin filter membranes with a molecular cut-off mass of 30 kD. Proliferation of gubernaculum cells induced by the low molecular mass (<30 kD) testicular extract was significantly greater than that stimulated by testosterone or dihydrotestosterone. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated a unique protein band at approximately 26 kD in the crude and low molecular mass testicular, but not in the ovarian, extracts. It is possible that this represents a novel peptide hormone secreted by the fetal testis, responsible for stimulating the growth of the gubernaculum, thereby mediating testicular descent.