Mechanism of the cytolytic action of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin: oligomerization of the cytotoxin on target membranes.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin (CTX) is thought to be a pore-forming polypeptide of 29 kDa. To study whether CTX assembles into oligomer on target membranes, we solubilized membrane-bound toxin with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at 25 degrees C and analyzed its molecular size using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis. The results indicate that CTX forms a complex of approximately 145 kDa on the surface of erythrocytes and lipid vesicles, and that the complex formation is closely correlated with the toxin-induced permeabilization of target membranes. Thus, CTX may assemble into a pore-forming oligomer on target membranes.