Family images of hospitalized adolescents: the failure to generate shared understandings.

Family factors have been implicated clinically in the nonpsychotic psychopathology of adolescents (Berkowitz et al. 1974; Feldman and Guttman 1984; Gunderson et al. 1980; E. Shapiro et al. 1989; R. Shapiro 1989b). The internal images of the adolescent held by family members appear to reflect healthy as well as pathological functioning of adolescent-family systems (Feldman and Guttman 1984; E. Shapiro 1982; Young 1991).