Effects of feeding nivalenol-contaminated diets to male broiler chickens.

In two feeding trials the effect of nivalenol (NIV) on male broiler chickens was studied. A commercial starter diet was provided for ad libitum consumption throughout the whole experiment. The NIV was added to the feed when the birds were 7 d old. Growth and feed consumption were thereafter registered every 5th d during 20 d. In the first trial birds were offered feed containing 0, .5, 2.5, or 5 ppm NIV. The only variable that significantly differed from the control was the concentration of uric acid in plasma, which was increased by 94 and 66%, respectively, in treatment groups 2.5 and 5 ppm. In the second trial, NIV-concentrations of 0, 3, 6, and 12 ppm were used. The weight gain for the 20-d period was decreased by 11% with 6 and 12 ppm. During this period these birds showed a decrease of about 6% in feed consumption and feed conversion efficiency. Gizzard erosions were found in 33% of the birds fed 12 ppm NIV and in 8% of those fed 3 or 6 ppm. No such erosions were found in the control birds. Relatively, the liver weights in the 12 ppm group were reduced more than total body weights. No effects on relative organ weights were found when bursa, spleen, and gizzard were compared to control. In the blood, no change compared to control was found in hematocrit or in the plasma concentration of glucose, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid, or in the plasma activity of aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, or gamma glutamyl transpeptidase.