v-Src-induced degradation of focal adhesion kinase during morphological transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts.

Morphological transformation of cells by the v-Src tyrosine kinase is incompletely understood. However, it is independent of nuclear functions and probably involves phosphorylation of targets associated with the cytoskeleton and focal adhesions, structures which tether the cytoskeleton to the points of cell attachment. v-Src activity both stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of a tyrosine kinase present in focal adhesions (focal adhesion kinase or pp125FAK) and disrupts focal adhesions, leading to cell rounding and detachment. However, pp125FAK is also phosphorylated on tyrosine as a result of integrin stimulation which induces quite different biological consequences including the organisation of focal adhesions when cells spread on fibronectin (reviewed in Schaller and Parsons, 1993). To address this paradox, we examined changes in pp125FAK during activation and shut-off of temperature sensitive mutant v-Src proteins that induce varying degrees of transformation in chick embryo fibroblasts. An efficiently transforming v-Src mutant initially stimulated pp125FAK tyrosine phosphorylation, but induced subsequent pp125FAK degradation prior to the onset of cell rounding and detachment. v-Src mutants which are impaired in their ability to induce morphological transformation were much less efficient at inducing degradation of pp125FAK. Moreover, cell spreading during restitution of normal morphology did not require detectable tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125FAK, or its potential substrate paxillin, suggesting that pp125FAK may function more in the turnover of focal adhesions than in their assembly.