Cell type-specific secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein via the regulated versus the constitutive secretory pathway.

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is endoproteolytically processed to yield a family of mature secretory forms. These include an amino-terminal, a mid-region, and a carboxyl-terminal form. Prior studies suggested that the mid-region form is secreted via the regulated secretory pathway, whereas the amino- and carboxyl-terminal forms are secreted via the constitutive pathway. Further, PTHrP is unusual in that it is produced under normal circumstances by neuroendocrine cell types as well as by prototypical constitutively secreting cell types. The potential for cell-specific secretory pathway use by PTHrP has not been explored. Using immunohistochemical and perifusion techniques, we demonstrate that all three PTHrP daughter peptides are secreted via the regulated pathway in neuroendocrine cells. In contrast, all three daughter peptides are secreted in a constitutive fashion by non-neuroendocrine cells. Thus, the secretion of PTHrP is unique in that it appears to be cell-specific. When it is expressed in neuroendocrine cells that contain the regulated pathway, it is secreted in a regulated fashion; when it is expressed in non-neuroendocrine cells, it defaults to the constitutive pathway. This phenomenon has not previously been described for a polypeptide hormone in naturally occurring cells.