Protein engineering techniques for antibody humanization.

Few proteins have the therapeutic potential of antibodies, which can be developed against a wide variety of targets and genetically or chemically manipulated to further enhance their activities. A number of approaches have been taken in order to render these proteins pharmaceutically useful. Either the amino acid sequence of an antibody can be genetically altered (i.e. reshaped or resurfaced) or the antibody can be conjugated to other proteins or toxins.