Two cases of urogenital malignancies in male patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis.

We report two cases of urogenital malignancies, prostatic cancer in a 72-year-old man and urinary bladder carcinoma in a 50-year-old man, that developed during maintenance haemodialysis. The former patient responded to hormonal therapy with diethylstilboestrol and is still alive on maintenance haemodialysis, but the latter patient did not respond to treatment, being past cure in the far advanced stage. There are few clinical symptoms suggesting the existence of urogenital malignancies in dialysis patients and screening methods such as urine cytology or roentgenology must be restricted because of extremely reduced urine volume. However, the high incidence of urogenital malignancies in such patients is well recognized. Screening examinations with ultrasonography and/or CT scan following digital rectal examination or testing for serum prostate-specific antigen should be performed at least every 6 months.