BACKGROUND: From 1973 to 1991, the incidence of kidney cancer in the United States increased by 35.4%. METHODS: A multicenter, hospital-based case-control study was conducted from 1977 to 1993 through an interview of 788 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 779 control subjects. RESULTS: Compared with those who never smoked, the odds ratio (OR) for renal cell carcinoma among current cigarette smokers was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-2.0) for men and 1.1 (95% CI 0.7-1.6) for women. Among men, there was a rising trend in the odds ratios with increasing pack-years of smoking (P < 0.01) but not with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The OR among those currently smoking nonfilter cigarettes exclusively was 2.4 (95% CI 1.2-4.9) for men and 2.0 (95% CI 0.4-11.1) for women. No increased risk was observed among current smokers of filter cigarettes. Among men, the OR associated with chewing tobacco was 3.2 (95% CI 1.1-8.7). Total alcohol consumption was unrelated to the risk of renal cell carcinoma. A joint effect was observed among subjects with a high body mass index who reported a history of hypertension (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.01-3.5) for men and 3.2 (95% CI 1.3-7.7) for women. CONCLUSION: High body weight and hypertension were related jointly to renal cell carcinoma. Smoking nonfilter cigarettes and long term cigarette smoking (> or = 30 years) was a predictor for renal cell carcinoma risk in men. No significant association was found between smoking and renal cell carcinoma in women.
BACKGROUND: From 1973 to 1991, the incidence of kidney cancer in the United States increased by 35.4%. METHODS: A multicenter, hospital-based case-control study was conducted from 1977 to 1993 through an interview of 788 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 779 control subjects. RESULTS: Compared with those who never smoked, the odds ratio (OR) for renal cell carcinoma among current cigarette smokers was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-2.0) for men and 1.1 (95% CI 0.7-1.6) for women. Among men, there was a rising trend in the odds ratios with increasing pack-years of smoking (P < 0.01) but not with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The OR among those currently smoking nonfilter cigarettes exclusively was 2.4 (95% CI 1.2-4.9) for men and 2.0 (95% CI 0.4-11.1) for women. No increased risk was observed among current smokers of filter cigarettes. Among men, the OR associated with chewing tobacco was 3.2 (95% CI 1.1-8.7). Total alcohol consumption was unrelated to the risk of renal cell carcinoma. A joint effect was observed among subjects with a high body mass index who reported a history of hypertension (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.01-3.5) for men and 3.2 (95% CI 1.3-7.7) for women. CONCLUSION: High body weight and hypertension were related jointly to renal cell carcinoma. Smoking nonfilter cigarettes and long term cigarette smoking (> or = 30 years) was a predictor for renal cell carcinoma risk in men. No significant association was found between smoking and renal cell carcinoma in women.
Authors: Mark W Vander Weg; Alan L Peterson; Jon O Ebbert; Margaret Debon; Robert C Klesges; C Keith Haddock Journal: Addict Behav Date: 2007-07-13 Impact factor: 3.913
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