OBJECTIVE: To explore the functional significance of incident neuropsychologic impairment among initially asymptomatic subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus. DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort study of homosexual and bisexual men to examine the incidence of work disability related to the onset of neuropsychologic impairment. SETTING: A university clinical and behavioral research site in New York City. PARTICIPANTS: Sample of 207 homosexual and bisexual men; 123 were seropositive and 84 were seronegative. PRINCIPAL OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident work disability in the course of 4.5 years of follow-up, with disability defined as a persistent (> or = 24 months) change in work hours (from 20 or more to less than 20 h/wk). RESULTS: Compared with seronegative control subjects (n = 72), the relative risk of work disability among initially asymptomatic seropositive men (n = 44) was 2.76 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 6.5), nearly a threefold increase. Proportional hazards models show that this increased risk is attributable to the development of major neuropsychologic impairment in a subset (eight of 44) of the initially asymptomatic men, which is significantly associated with incident work disability (6/8 [75%]). Adjusting for symptom status and CD4+ cell count at the time of disability did not eliminate the increased risk associated with neuropsychologic impairment. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, the increased risk of work disability among initially asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-positive men was related to incident neuropsychologic impairment; such impairment predicted work disability independently of symptom status and CD4+ cell count over the follow-up period. Neuropsychologic impairment in the course of human immunodeficiency virus infection may indicate increased risk for poor outcomes over and above that associated with systemic disease.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the functional significance of incident neuropsychologic impairment among initially asymptomatic subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus. DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort study of homosexual and bisexual men to examine the incidence of work disability related to the onset of neuropsychologic impairment. SETTING: A university clinical and behavioral research site in New York City. PARTICIPANTS: Sample of 207 homosexual and bisexual men; 123 were seropositive and 84 were seronegative. PRINCIPAL OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident work disability in the course of 4.5 years of follow-up, with disability defined as a persistent (> or = 24 months) change in work hours (from 20 or more to less than 20 h/wk). RESULTS: Compared with seronegative control subjects (n = 72), the relative risk of work disability among initially asymptomatic seropositive men (n = 44) was 2.76 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 6.5), nearly a threefold increase. Proportional hazards models show that this increased risk is attributable to the development of major neuropsychologic impairment in a subset (eight of 44) of the initially asymptomatic men, which is significantly associated with incident work disability (6/8 [75%]). Adjusting for symptom status and CD4+ cell count at the time of disability did not eliminate the increased risk associated with neuropsychologic impairment. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, the increased risk of work disability among initially asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-positive men was related to incident neuropsychologic impairment; such impairment predicted work disability independently of symptom status and CD4+ cell count over the follow-up period. Neuropsychologic impairment in the course of human immunodeficiency virus infection may indicate increased risk for poor outcomes over and above that associated with systemic disease.
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Authors: Raeanne C Moore; Christopher N Kaufmann; Alexandra S Rooney; David J Moore; Lisa T Eyler; Eric Granholm; Steven Paul Woods; Joel Swendsen; Robert K Heaton; J C Scott; Colin A Depp Journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry Date: 2016-12-01 Impact factor: 4.105
Authors: Adriana Carvalhal; M John Gill; Scott L Letendre; Anita Rachlis; Tsegaye Bekele; Janet Raboud; Ann Burchell; Sean B Rourke Journal: J Neurovirol Date: 2015-11-16 Impact factor: 2.643