Voltage-gated calcium currents have two opposing effects on the secretion of aldosterone.

Using Ca2+ channel blockers with different specificities for L- and T-type Ca2+ channels, we have investigated the roles of these two channel types in K(+)-induced aldosterone secretion. In whole cell voltage-clamp experiments, the spider toxin omega-agatoxin-IIIA (omega-Aga-IIIA) completely blocks L-type Ca2+ channels but has no effect on T-type Ca2+ channels. In contrast, Ni2+ and 1,4-dihydropyridines block both L- and T-type Ca2+ channels. Secretion induced by 7 mM extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) is unaffected by omega-Aga-IIIA but is strongly inhibited by Ni2+ or the 1,4-dihydropyridine, nitrendipine. This suggests that physiological increases in [K+]o stimulate aldosterone secretion primarily by enhancing Ca2+ entry through T-type Ca2+ channels. Surprisingly, secretion induced by 60 mM [K+]o is enhanced by omega-Aga-IIIA or Ni2+ and is inhibited by the L-type Ca2+ channel activator BAY K 8644. Nitrendipine (1 nM) also stimulates such secretion, although higher concentrations are inhibitory (concentration inhibiting 50% of maximal response approximately 30 nM). If extracellular Ca2+ concentration is reduced from 1.25 to 0.5 mM, secretion induced by 60 mM [K+]o is enhanced, and Ni2+ or low nitrendipine become inhibitory. Together, these results that L-type Ca2+ currents can reduce steroidogenesis and that the role of these currents was previously misconstrued because 1,4-dihydropyridines modify secretion by multiple mechanisms. Thus Ca2+ entry can function as a negative modulator of steroid secretion.