Surgical therapy of T1 and T2 vulvar carcinoma: further experience with radical wide excision and selective inguinal lymphadenectomy.

Radical wide excision and selective inguinal node dissection provide a more conservative and less morbid surgical option for women with vulvar carcinoma than en bloc radical vulvectomy with bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy. We have expanded our initial experience with this approach to 76 patients with T1 (n = 33) and T2 (n = 43) squamous carcinomas with invasion > 1 mm and clinically negative groin nodes treated between 1978 and 1994. Lateral tumors (n = 53) were more frequent than midline lesions (n = 23). Tumors were excised with a measured gross margin of 2 cm, and dissection was carried to the deep perineal fascia. The mean largest tumor dimension was 26 mm; the mean depth of invasion was 4.4 mm. Superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy, unilateral or bilateral depending on lesion location, was performed. Perioperative complications occurred on the vulva in 8% of cases and in the groin in 11%. Delayed complications, all related to groin treatment, were seen in 29%. The median follow-up interval was 38 months. Seven patients (9%) had inguinal lymph node metastases identified at their primary operation. Most received additional therapy; one has died of disease. Nine women (12%) developed recurrent disease in the vulva: all were controlled by additional resection. Four (5%) developed recurrence in a previously negative groin: three of these are dead of disease. Actuarial 4-year survival is 81%. Radical wide excision and selective inguinal lymphadenectomy can be safely offered to women with T1 and T2 vulvar cancers. Patients with known positive nodes or vulvar failure can be salvaged by further therapy. Women with unanticipated groin failure usually die of disease. These experiences are similar to those observed in more radically resected patients.