Short bowel syndrome.

Improvements in parenteral nutrition and supportive therapy have led to a growing population of patients who survive for prolonged periods with short bowel syndrome. Definitive treatment for these patients requires innovative therapy based on a sound knowledge of small intestinal physiology and adaptation. Current understanding of short bowel pathophysiology and of intestinal adaptation are reviewed. Medical and surgical therapeutic options are described, highlighting the promotion of small bowel adaptation and methods to increase the small intestinal mucosal mass.