Sedation and patient monitoring in vascular and interventional radiology.

A postal survey of British and Irish interventional radiologists was carried out in 1991 in order to assess current practice with respect to sedation and monitoring of patients during angiography and interventional procedures. The response rate was 65%. 49% of patients are fasted prior to angiography and 68% prior to interventional procedures. Radiologists participate in obtaining consent in 60% of cases. Patients are often (50%) sedated for angiography and usually (62-94% depending on the procedure) sedated for interventional procedures. Nurses are present for most procedures, but are given the task of monitoring the patient's vital signs in only 49% of cases. Anaesthetists are present for less than 10% of interventional procedures. Pulse oximetry is used routinely in 20% of departments, and automatic blood pressure monitors in 16%. 28% of radiologists never administer oxygen to patients under sedation, whereas 4% always do. 43% of departments have a staffed recovery area. Most vascular/interventional suites are stocked with emergency drugs and 80% with a defibrillator. 28% of departments report at least one death during or shortly after a procedure during the last 10 years. 18% of interventional radiologists have taken a refresher course in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the past year. These findings indicate a wide variation in practice and a need to standardize practice at a uniform high level.