New aspects of emerging fungal pathogens. A multifaceted challenge.

This article describes adventitious morphologic forms for species of Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Acremonium, and Scedosporium that can be easily mistaken on histologic, cytologic, and microbiologic examination for Candida species. These forms appear to be correlated with, and may provide explanation for, positive blood cultures in disseminated infections with these species. Adventitious histologic forms also are illustrated for Blastoschizomyces capitatus. Data from culture-proven mycoses for a 15-month period at one medical center are reviewed, and species are listed for which an increase is anticipated. These and other aspects of emerging fungal pathogens are related to the need for strengthened support of mycology training and for federal funding of a mycoses reporting program.