Characterization of the Ca2+ current in freshly dissociated crustacean peptidergic neuronal somata.

1. Freshly dissociated neuronal somata of the crab (Cardisoma carnifex) X-organ were studied in the whole cell patch-clamp configuration. To characterize the Ca2+ currents in these somata, recordings were made under conditions designed to suppress K+ and Na+ currents. 2. In 52 mM external Ca2+ the threshold for activation of Ca2+ currents was above -40 mV, with peak amplitudes occurring around +10 to +20 mV. The full component of the current was available for activation at -50 mV because no current increase was observed when the holding potential was increased to -90 mV. These characteristics of the current characterize it as a high-voltage activated (HVA) current. 3. The Ca2+ current was almost completely (60-90%) inactivated within 200 ms at maximal current potentials (+10 to +20 mV). The decay was best described by a double-exponential function with a fast and slow component of inactivation (tau f = 12 ms and tau s = 64 ms). Both Sr2+ and Ba2+ substitutions reduced the rates of inactivation. 4. In double-pulse experiments, plots of variable prepulse potential versus test pulse current produced a U-shaped curve with test pulse currents showing maximal inactivation at potentials that produced maximal Ca2+ influx during the prepulse. Tail currents also displayed a U-shaped inactivation curve. The extent of current-dependent inactivation was sequentially reduced by Sr2+ and Ba2+ substitutions. These data suggest that inactivation in crab somata is predominantly Ca2+ dependent. The remaining inactivation of Ba2+ currents suggests that there is also a component of voltage-dependent inactivation in the somata. 5. Part of the inactivated Ca2+ current could be recovered during short (4-10 ms) hyperpolarizing pulses to -130 mV. The absolute extent of recovery from inactivation was greatest for currents carried by Ca2+ rather than Sr2+ or Ba2+. When voltage-dependent inactivation was dominant (Ba2+ currents), the relative amount of current recovered was greater. The data suggest that hyperpolarizing pulses are more effective in removing voltage-dependent inactivation, but also allow some recovery from Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation. 6. In the crab saline, which contained 24 mM Mg2+, the amplitudes of currents carried by 52 mM Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ were similar. Removing the Mg2+ from the saline augmented both the Ba2+ and Sr2+ currents relative to the Ca2+ current.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)