Nonsurgical treatment options for internal hemorrhoids.

Rectal pain and/or bleeding are common complaints among the general population. Hemorrhoids are the most common etiology for these complaints, but the family physician should always be alert to the possibility of other pathologic explanations, such as fissure, abscess, fistula, condyloma or cancer. Feelings of embarrassment or apprehension about surgery may make patients reluctant to discuss anorectal symptoms with their physician. A variety of outpatient methods is available to treat internal hemorrhoids. Rubber band ligation is widely used in the treatment of all grades of internal hemorrhoids. Infrared coagulation uses high-intensity light to treat grade I, grade II and some grade III internal hemorrhoids. Bipolar electrocoagulation is useful in all cases, while low-voltage direct current is useful in cases of more advanced hemorrhoids. Proper anal hygiene and correction of chronic constipation or diarrhea are essential to prevent recurrence of hemorrhoids.