The orphans of Eritrea: a comparison study.

The social-emotional state and cognitive development was compared between a group of 74 4-7-year-old Eritrean orphans and refugee children living in families. Both groups had been exposed to the chronic stresses of war and drought, and the orphans had, in addition, lost both parents to the violence of war, and were living in an overcrowded orphanage. Contrary to expectations, there were relatively few clinically significant differences between comparison groups. The orphans showed more behavioral symptoms of emotional distress, but performed at a more advanced level on cognitive and language performance measures. The findings suggest that when group care is child-centered, it can under some circumstances be a viable solution for unaccompanied children in countries where adoption and foster care are not realistic alternatives.