Influence of flicker on perceived size and depth.

Previous research (e.g., Wong & Weisstein, 1984a, 1985) has shown that flickering stimuli appear to be more distant than nonflickering stimuli at the same physical distance. Given this relation between flicker and perceived depth, inappropriate constancy scaling theories predict that flickering stimuli should be perceived as larger than nonflickering ones. In contrast, links between flicker and motion perception suggest that flickering stimuli should be perceived as smaller than nonflickering ones. Two experiments tested these contrasting predictions. In Experiment 1, 22 subjects compared flickering and nonflickering vertical lines and reported that the flickering stimulus appeared significantly smaller than the nonflickering one. In Experiment 2, 21 subjects reported that the stimuli used in Experiment 1 produced depth effects similar to those reported in previous experiments: flickering stimuli were perceived as more distant than nonflickering ones. The observed effect of flicker on perceived size was contrary to predictions from inappropriate constancy scaling theory, but consistent with views that motion and flicker are processed by the same pathway.