Psychogenic movement disorders.

The diagnosis of PMDs is by no means a simple task. Organic movement disorders are more often misdiagnosed as psychogenic rather than the reverse. The degree to which psychological factors underlie movement disorders may range from being the exclusive cause to being a reaction to the movement disorder. The most common psychiatric illnesses associated with PMDs are depression, conversion reactions, and anxiety disorders. Although the diagnosis of psychogenicity may seem elusive, the definitions and diagnostic criteria of PMDs outlined in this article serve as useful guidelines for obtaining a more accurate diagnosis. The emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach with a strong alliance of neurologist and psychologist or psychiatrist is essential to assure proper diagnoses and treatment.