Childhood melanoma in Australia.

Data from a population-based registry, the Australian Paediatric Cancer Registry, were used to determine the incidence of malignant melanoma in children under 15 years of age in Australia. Over a 17-year period, 217 cases were identified. For the period 1977-89 inclusive, the annual age incidence was 0.34 per 100,000. There was some variation in incidence between the different states with Queensland recording the highest incidence at 0.97 per 100,000, the highest reported incidence in the world for childhood melanoma. Most of the cases occurred in children aged 13 or 14 years old with girls affected slightly more often, the sex ratio being 0.92. There was a statistically significant seasonal variation with fewer cases being diagnosed during the winter months. The commonest site was the trunk. Two of the cases were second neoplasms. This series demonstrates the need for increased education of children living in tropical and subtropical regions about the dangers of sun exposure and of methods of reducing exposure. Children who have undergone chemotherapy appear to be at particular risk.