In pursuit of rational drug use and effective drug management: clinical and public health pharmacy viewpoint.

Drugs are major technology in preventing and combating disease both at the individual and community levels. Managing this valuable resource for optimum public health benefit is paramount. Pharmacists have been recognized by the World Health Organisation and others as having a key role to play in promoting rational drug use and strengthening effective drug management. However, the profession needs to answer some critical questions relating to effective communication of their clinical role. Factors associated with the primary care role of pharmacists are discussed and include education, social and political pressures and professional attitudes. There is evidence of an expanding role for pharmacy in the health sector and a number of new challenges for pharmacy's role in strengthening public health are emerging. These include the profession's involvement in overcoming chronic shortages of essential drugs, strategies to combat the fake and inferior quality drug problems, and increased efforts to educate the public in optimal drug therapy and compliance with recognized drug dosages. Pharmacists are urged to assist governments develop effective policies and legislations for the pharmaceutical sector, based on research findings of pharmaceutical issues affecting public health.