Sex differences and effects of social cues on daily rhythms following phase advances in Octodon degus.

Two experiments were designed to determine whether social cues could enhance the rate of resynchronization in body temperature and general activity rhythms in male or female Octodon degus following a 6 h phase advance. The first experiment examined average resynchronization rates for animals in each condition. The second experiment examined resynchronization rates for a smaller group of animals, each treated as its own control. Female phase-shifters resynchronized temperature and activity rhythms significantly faster when housed with an entrained (donor) female than those females housed with another phase-shifting female or housed alone. Females housed with entrained males resynchronized their temperature rhythms significantly slower than females housed with entrained females. No differences in resynchronization rate for phase-shifting males existed between test conditions. However, activity rhythms of male controls (housed alone) reentrained significantly faster than those of female controls. These experiments demonstrate a sex difference in (i) reentrainment rate by photic cues alone; (ii) donors' effect on female phase-shifters' resynchronization; and (iii) phase-shifters' resynchronization response to donor cues. In these studies, resynchronization in the presence of another animal could either have been achieved by entrainment of the pacemaker or by masking of the circadian rhythms.