Cryotherapy of liver tumours--a practical guide.

The use of cryotherapy for the treatment of some unresectable liver tumours has been clearly established as a therapeutic option. Intra-operative ultrasound has enhanced the process by enabling the surgeon to identify hepatic lesions and to allow visualisation of the freezing process to ensure that the cryolesion will include the tumour mass. The purpose of this paper is to provide a practical guide to surgeons who wish to perform cryotherapy of liver tumours. Patient selection and anaesthetic considerations are important. The surgeon should be able to deal with the complications of cryotherapy, particularly the intra-operative haemorrhage which may arise from cracking of the hepatic parenchyma as the iceball thaws. Follow-up is based on tumour marker assay and imaging of the liver and repeat cryotherapy can be considered for selected cases.