Bladder carcinoma producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

A patient presented with grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder showing a marked increase in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). G-CSF was identified in the carcinoma by immunohistochemical procedures. The serum and urinary levels of G-CSF were persistently elevated during his clinical course. These results suggest that the carcinoma produced G-CSF and was responsible for its high levels in serum and urine.