Cytogenetic studies in lymphocytes of patients with rectal cancer.

Spontaneous and clastogen-induced chromosomal instability in a high-risk group (i.e, 33 patients with rectal carcinomas) was investigated using peripheral blood lymphocytes as target cells. In addition to the analysis of spontaneous and clastogen-induced chromosome aberrations, this study also included classical karyotype analysis and scoring of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in some of the patients. Diepoxybutane (DEB), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO), and bleomycin were used as standard clastogens. Lymphocytes of healthy control individuals were studied in parallel with each cancer patient. While only slight but significant differences could be detected of the average spontaneous, DEB- and bleomycin (G2)-induced chromosome breakage between patient and control lymphocytes, individual patients and two of the control individuals showed a more distinct increase in the frequency of the studied end points. These increases were documented by a variegated mosaicism of karyotypic changes and by an increased breakage rate induced by the clastogens. Neither the bleomycin-exposure in the G1 phase nor SCE was capable of detecting differences between the patients and controls. Of particular interest in the sense of high-risk individuals were seven patients and two control persons whose lymphocytes exhibited increased chromosomal sensitivity under more than one of the studied experimental conditions.