Expression and effects of hyaluronan and of the hyaluronan-binding protein hyaluronectin in newborn rat brain glial cell cultures.

Hyaluronan (HA) is a polymerized nonsulfated extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan that may be involved in brain development. We have tested the expression of HA and the HA-binding protein hyaluronectin (HN) in glial cell cultures from newborn rat brain. HA was secreted into the culture medium by type 1 astrocytes in the first stages of the primary cultures. The secretion was high during cell proliferation, reached a maximum when they were confluent, and then decreased. HA was not secreted at a detectable level by total O-2A lineage cell-enriched cultures. HA labeled small O-2A progenitor cells (GFA-, A2B5+, HA+), small O-2A progenitorlike (GFA-, A2B5-, HA+) cells, and type 2 astrocytes (GFA+, A2B5+, HA+), but not mature oligodendrocytes (Galc+, HA-). In contrast to HA, hyaluronectin labeled oligodendrocyte membranes (i.e., more mature cells) from day 8. A2B5+ GFA- cells were found to be either HA+ or HN+ at days 7-9, suggesting intermediary stages. The addition of HA to primary cultures and to O-2A progenitor-enriched cultures decreased significantly the increase in the number of O-2A progenitors, of mature (Galc+) oligodendrocytes proportionally to the decrease of the O-2A progenitor number, and of BrdU+ cells, suggesting that HA acts (directly or indirectly) on O-2A cell proliferation. This effect, which was seen for concentrations as low as 0.1 micrograms/ml, was HA specific and was not observed with other glycosaminoglycans. When primary cultures were performed in the presence of hyaluronidase-digested or HA-depleted (by passage on a HN column) fetal calf serum, the total number of O-2A lineage cells was dramatically increased (100%, p < 10(-4)) in comparison with control cultures in standard fetal calf serum. Platelet-derived growth factor increased the total number of O-2A lineage cells and of (Galc+) oligodendrocytes. This effect was opposed by HA dose dependently. The effect of HA was significantly inhibited by HN (30%, p < 10(-4)). HN had, however, no effect when it was added to culture in the presence of hyaluronidase in fetal calf serum, suggesting its effect was only due to its binding to HA. During cell maturation, HA disappears as HN appears. This and the fact that HA and PDGF have opposite effects suggest an effect of these factors, or of their balance, on myelination.