Route of nutrient delivery affects insulin sensitivity and liver glucose transporter expression in rat.

To optimize artificial nutrition (AN) techniques for patients suffering from malnutrition or reduced intestinal absorption, utilization of energy fuels, especially glucose, requires better understanding. Because the liver plays a key role in glucose homeostasis, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of continuous intragastric and intravenous nutrition on insulin secretion and several markers of liver glucose metabolism, especially glucose transporter GLUT-2. Wistar male rats underwent catheterization of either stomach (intragastric) or vena cava (intravenous) and received 24 h/day the same all-in-one formula over 7 to 14 days. The metabolic parameters from intragastrically fed rats did not differ significantly from those from orally fed control rats. Intravenous nutrition induced insulin resistance (marked hyperinsulinemia and/or mild hyperglycemia) and reduced liver GLUT-2 protein and mRNA levels. The decrease in liver GLUT-2 gene expression might be mediated either by an inhibitory role of hyperinsulinemia or by the decrease in gut or portal factors. These results suggest that the route of nutrient delivery influences their utilization by the liver.