An immunogenetic analysis of the T-cell recognition of the major house dust mite allergen Der p 2: identification of high- and low-responder HLA-DQ alleles and localization of T-cell epitopes.

Cellular reactivity to Der p 2, a major allergen of the house dust mite (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, was studied in a group of 41 symptomatic HDM sensitive patients, using fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and assays of proliferation. Sixty per cent of the patients responded to Der p2, with reactivities being greater in patients with asthma as one of their clinical manifestations and also in those who had skin-test reactivity to a number of allergens. HLA-DR and -DQ serotyping was undertaken in 39 of the patients and the magnitude of T-cell proliferative responses to Der p 2 were found to be positively associated with DQ7 and negatively associated with DQ2. T-cell determinants within the Der p 2 molecule were identified by assays using a series of overlapping peptides (15- to 19-mers) spanning the entire protein. Fifty-nine per cent of the 41 HDM-sensitive patients responded to one or more of the peptides. All of the peptides were antigenic for at least one of the individuals, indicating the heterogeneity of the human repertoire reactive with Der p 2. There was a substantial variability in the number and location of epitopes recognized by T cells from the different allergic patients, the mean number per patient being 2.3 +/- 1.3 (SD). The most frequently recognized peptide was that spanning residues 111-129, being stimulatory in 66.7%, the other peptides were each recognized by between 8 to 25% of individuals. There was no correlation between the epitope recognized and the presence of particular HLA-DQ antigens.