Heterologous expression of rat liver microsomal glutathione transferase in simian COS cells and Escherichia coli.

The cDNA coding for rat liver microsomal glutathione transferase was subcloned into the mammalian expression vector pCMV-5 and the construct was transfected into, and transiently expressed in, simian COS cells. This resulted in high expression (0.7% of the microsomal protein). The activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in microsomes was 15-30 nmol/min per mg, which increased upon N-ethylmaleimide treatment to 60-200 nmol/min per mg. Control and antisense-vector-treated cells displayed very low activity (3-6 nmol/min per mg). A DNA fragment coding for rat microsomal glutathione transferase was generated by PCR, cloned into the bacterial expression vector pSP19T7LT and transformed into Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) (which contained the plasmid pLys SL). Isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG; 1 mM) induced the expression of significant amounts of enzymically active protein (4 mg/l of culture as measured by Western blots). The recombinant protein was purified and characterized and found to be indistinguishable from the rat liver enzyme with regard to enzymic activity, molecular mass and N-terminal amino acid sequence. Human liver cDNA was used to obtain the coding region of human microsomal glutathione transferase by PCR. This PCR product was cloned into pSP19T7LT, which, upon induction with IPTG, yielded significant amounts (9 mg/l of culture) of active enzyme in BL21 (DE3) cells. Thus, for the first time, it is now possible to express both human and rat microsomal glutathione transferase in an enzymically active form in Escherichia coli.