Abnormalities of K+ and Ca2+ currents in ventricular myocytes from rats with chronic diabetes.

Ionic mechanisms related to the prolongation of cardiac action potential in rats with chronic diabetes mellitus were studied using whole cell voltage-clamp techniques. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg body wt) into the tail vein, and ventricular myocytes were isolated from STZ-injected rats (24-30 wk) and from age-matched normal rats. The current densities of transient outward current (Ito), a steady-state outward current, and L-type Ca2+ current (ICa) were significantly smaller in cells from diabetic animals. In addition, the kinetics of Ito of diabetic cells were modified. 1) The decay of Ito was well fitted by a sum of two exponential components in normal cells; there was only one (slow) component in the diabetic cells. 2) The steady-state inactivation curve of Ito in diabetic cells shifted by 5 mV in the negative direction. 3) Recovery from inactivation of Ito was slower in cells from diabetic animals. These alterations in Ito and the steady-state outward current can account for most of the action potential prolongation heretofore documented. The decrease of ICa may possibly be related to the depressed contraction seen in chronic diabetic mellitus.