Expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport proteins in cold-acclimating ducklings.

The relationship between the cold-induced increase in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ transport proteins and the development of muscular nonshivering theermogenesis (NST) was investigated by determining the time course of expression of the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), Ca2+ release channel, and calsequestrin in control and cold-acclimating ducklings. 45Ca2+ uptake and [3H]ryanodine binding measurements with skeletal muscle homogenates showed that a cold acclimation period of approximately 4 wk was required to observe a substantial increase in Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and Ca2+ release channel content, which correlates well with NST development Immunoblot analysis of muscle homogenates showed no differences in calsequestrin levels but revealed that the decrease in SERCA2a content was delayed in cold-acclimating birds and that the SERCA1 level was increased after 4 wk of cold acclimation. The persistence of SERCA2a may be related to shivering thermogenesis occurring preferentially in slow-twitch fibers. SERCA1 may account for most of the cold-induced increase in 45Ca2+ uptake activity, suggesting the preferential occurrence of a Ca(2+)-dependent NST in fast-twitch fibers.