Aspergillus peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: case report and a review of the literature.

Aspergillus peritonitis is a rare complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The case is described of a 68-year-old man in whom Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from the peritoneal dialysate after recurrent peritonitis with Gram-negative rods in association with diverticulosis. Treatment consisting of removal of the catheter and intravenous administration of amphotericin B followed by oral itraconazole was successful. A review of the sparse literature (12 cases) displays uncertainties regarding diagnostic awareness, culture diagnosis, and therapeutic management. Next to institution of appropriate antifungal therapy, early removal of the peritoneal dialysis catheter is recommended, as delayed removal of the catheter appears to be associated with increased mortality and morbidity.