Correlation of long-term follow-up neurologic, psychologic, and cranial computed tomographic evaluations of head trauma patients.

We followed 153 head-injured patients by computed tomography and neurologic examinations. Twenty-seven also received psychologic evaluations. Cerebral parenchymal disruption was the abnormality produced by head trauma most likely to result in a fixed neurologic or psychologic deficit. Extracerebral hematomas and diffuse cerebral swelling were associated with deficits only if focal parenchymal damage was also present. Of the lesions encountered, midline hemorrhages, reflecting a diffuse shearing injury, were associated with the highest morbidity and mortality. The sites of residual parenchymal damage were associated more frequently with deficits found on psychologic testing than with neurologically detected deficits.